Abstract
Over the past few decades, the field of numerical modeling for mining has experienced significant advancements, leading to enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability across the industry. Complex and dynamic geomechanical models are now available at mine scale, meter by meter, leaving no grid point unturned. Despite this, mines remain stubbornly unpredictable with risks extending nearly as long as the equations that govern them. Complex geotechnical environments demand more than calculations for safe planning and execution; they require high-resolution, robust, real-time monitoring technologies to consistently ground truth and further calibrate modelled outcomes. Monitoring technologies regrettably have not kept pace with algorithm development, or worse, remain stationary against the breakneck pace of computing power.
Distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) is a stringent departure from traditionally monitoring. Unlike conventional point sensing devices such as geophones, extensometers, and piezometers, fibre-based monitoring utilizes light and inexpensive glass to transform a few meters to many kilometers into a continuous sensing array. This array is capable of detecting strain, acoustics, and temperature changes. The system allows for data collection along the fibre at adaptable intervals, which can be as close as a few centimeters apart, and it can record data thousands of times per second when necessary.
DFOS not only enhances the precision of predictions for both minor and major instabilities but also offers valuable insights for operational improvements. While DFOS supports current risk management approaches like Triggered Action Response Plans (TARPs) and "traffic light" warning systems, it exceeds these techniques by supplying extensive data to be incorporated into mine models to enhance understanding.
By incorporating DFOS into mine development, either through existing boreholes, specially drilled boreholes, or by outfitting drifts and shafts, mining operations can substantially enhance their monitoring and decision-making processes. This adoption ushers in a new era in mining, characterized by increased safety, efficiency, and technological advancement.